More recent times have seen protests against the Jewish holocaust led by such people as German theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer, who helped Jews escape Nazi Germany and worked to overthrow Nazism. Pastor Martin Niemoller, another fierce opponent of Nazism, pushed for German Protestant churches to accept responsibility for their role in supporting Hitler. Swiss theologian Karl Barth was a cofounder of an explicitly anti-Nazi Christian church in Germany. In addition, entire villages, and the countries of Holland and Denmark, showed great solidarity in protecting Jews from the Germans.